March 03, 2021
The immune system is one of the most complex systems in the entire human body and in this article we will try to simplify it as much as possible. The reason why the immune system has to be so complex is due to the number of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that it comes in contact with. These are called pathogens and they enter the body on a regular basis. The immune system is what protects the body from these pathogens. To do its work properly, the immune system has three different barriers or lines of defense to protect the body and kill these pathogens.
The first lines of defense are the skin and mucous (which is found in places such as your nose). This is why you get a runny nose when you have a cold. The body is working to get rid of the pathogens any way it can. The second line of defense occurs when these pathogens get past the skin or mucous and enter the body. When a pathogen enters the body mast cells activate which produce an inflammatory or allergic response releasing histamine in the body. Histamine dilates, or widens the blood vessels, which allow more macrophages (phagocytic white blood cells) to head towards the pathogen to consume it and get rid of it. If a pathogen gets past the second line of defense, don’t worry, you have a third line of defense. This one is more specific and what makes our immune systems so amazing. The pathogen getting past the macrophages triggers 2 types of cells, T cells and B cells. T cells help with apoptosis which is when a damaged cell dies and takes the pathogen with it. On the other hand, B cells produce antibodies. Depending on the pathogen and its antigen, the B cells will send these antibodies towards the pathogen, attach to the antigen, and stop it in its tracks. This then allows a macrophage to come and eat it up. I look at it like a key and a lock. The key is the antibody and the lock is the antigen, the body knows which exact key it needs to unlock the door and the ones that are new to the body will figure it out. Once it is figured out which antibody will stop which antigen and pathogen the body will always remember. Therefore, this creates a natural immunity to that virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite.
However, there must be nothing that interferes with the immune system so that it can continue to function like it was intended to. Below is a list of five key things you can take to make sure the immune system is working properly.